22^nd Annual Pathology Congress

Vaccines

A vaccine can gives energetic immunity against particular harmful diseases by stimulating the immune system to attack the agent. After energizing by a vaccine, the antibody-producing cells, which are ready to respond to the agent ought it ever gain entry to the body. A vaccine also converse passive immunity by providing antibodies or lymphocytes already made by an animal or human donor. Vaccines are usually conducted by injection, but some are given orally or even nasally. Vaccines applied to mucosal surfaces, seem to energize a greater antibody response and may be the most effective route of managing. In addition to the development of memory B cells, vaccination is also advantageous at the population level. When an enough number of individuals in a population are immune to a disease, as would occur if a large proportion of a population were vaccinated, herd immunity is attained.